1.[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::beforeValidate()|beforeValidate()]]: will trigger an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_VALIDATE|EVENT_BEFORE_VALIDATE]] event
3.[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::beforeSave()|beforeSave()]]: will trigger an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_INSERT|EVENT_BEFORE_INSERT]] or [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_UPDATE|EVENT_BEFORE_UPDATE]] event
5.[[yii\db\ActiveRecord::afterSave()|afterSave()]]: will trigger an [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_INSERT|EVENT_AFTER_INSERT]] or [[yii\db\ActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_UPDATE|EVENT_AFTER_UPDATE]] event
an attribute (i.e. a class property), the return value will be the query result of the relation, which could be an instance of [[yii\db\ActiveRecord]],