Fixes #2724: consistent use of absolute and relative routes.

extensions/debug/Module.php

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ namespace yii\debug;
 
 use Yii;
 use yii\base\Application;
+use yii\helpers\Url;
 use yii\web\View;
 use yii\web\ForbiddenHttpException;
 
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ class Module extends \yii\base\Module
         if (!$this->checkAccess() || Yii::$app->getRequest()->getIsAjax()) {
             return;
         }
-        $url = Yii::$app->getUrlManager()->createUrl([$this->id . '/default/toolbar',
+        $url = Url::toRoute(['/' . $this->id . '/default/toolbar',
             'tag' => $this->logTarget->tag,
         ]);
         echo '<div id="yii-debug-toolbar" data-url="' . $url . '" style="display:none"></div>';

extensions/debug/Panel.php

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ namespace yii\debug;
 
 use Yii;
 use yii\base\Component;
+use yii\helpers\Url;
 
 /**
  * Panel is a base class for debugger panel classes. It defines how data should be collected,
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ class Panel extends Component
      */
     public function getUrl()
     {
-        return Yii::$app->getUrlManager()->createUrl([$this->module->id . '/default/view',
+        return Url::toRoute(['/' . $this->module->id . '/default/view',
             'panel' => $this->id,
             'tag' => $this->tag,
         ]);

framework/captcha/Captcha.php

@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ use yii\widgets\InputWidget;
 class Captcha extends InputWidget
 {
     /**
-     * @var string the route of the action that generates the CAPTCHA images.
+     * @var string|array the route of the action that generates the CAPTCHA images.
      * The action represented by this route must be an action of [[CaptchaAction]].
+     * Please refer to [[\yii\helpers\Url::toRoute()]] for acceptable formats.
      */
     public $captchaAction = 'site/captcha';
     /**
@@ -81,8 +82,13 @@ class Captcha extends InputWidget
         } else {
             $input = Html::textInput($this->name, $this->value, $this->options);
         }
-        $url = Yii::$app->getUrlManager()->createUrl([$this->captchaAction, 'v' => uniqid()]);
-        $image = Html::img($url, $this->imageOptions);
+        $route = $this->captchaAction;
+        if (is_array($route)) {
+            $route['v'] = uniqid();
+        } else {
+            $route = [$route, 'v' => uniqid()];
+        }
+        $image = Html::img($route, $this->imageOptions);
         echo strtr($this->template, [
             '{input}' => $input,
             '{image}' => $image,

framework/helpers/BaseUrl.php

@@ -22,46 +22,74 @@ use yii\web\Controller;
 class BaseUrl
 {
     /**
-     * Returns URL for a route.
+     * Creates a URL for the given route.
      *
-     * @param array|string $route route as a string or route and parameters in form of
-     *                            `['route', 'param1' => 'value1', 'param2' => 'value2']`.
+     * This method will use [[\yii\web\UrlManager]] to create a URL.
      *
-     * If there is a controller running, relative routes are recognized:
+     * You may specify the route as a string, e.g., `site/index`. You may also use an array
+     * if you want to specify additional query parameters for the URL being created. The
+     * array format must be:
+     *
+     * ```php
+     * // generates: /index.php?r=site/index&param1=value1&param2=value2
+     * ['site/index', 'param1' => 'value1', 'param2' => 'value2']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * If you want to create a URL with an anchor, you can use the array format with a `#` parameter.
+     * For example,
+     *
+     * ```php
+     * // generates: /index.php?r=site/index&param1=value1#name
+     * ['site/index', 'param1' => 'value1', '#' => 'name']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * A route may be either absolute or relative. An absolute route has a leading slash (e.g. `/site/index`),
+     * while a relative route has none (e.g. `site/index` or `index`). A relative route will be converted
+     * into an absolute one by the following rules:
      *
      * - If the route is an empty string, the current [[\yii\web\Controller::route|route]] will be used;
-     * - If the route contains no slashes at all, it is considered to be an action ID
+     * - If the route contains no slashes at all (e.g. `index`), it is considered to be an action ID
      *   of the current controller and will be prepended with [[\yii\web\Controller::uniqueId]];
-     * - If the route has no leading slash, it is considered to be a route relative
-     *   to the current module and will be prepended with the module's uniqueId.
+     * - If the route has no leading slash (e.g. `site/index`), it is considered to be a route relative
+     *   to the current module and will be prepended with the module's [[\yii\base\Module::uniqueId|uniqueId]].
      *
-     * In case there is no controller, [[\yii\web\UrlManager::createUrl()]] will be used.
+     * Below are some examples of using this method:
      *
-     * @param boolean|string $scheme URI scheme to use:
+     * ```php
+     * // /index?r=site/index
+     * echo Url::toRoute('site/index');
      *
-     * - `false`: relative URL. Default behavior.
-     * - `true`: absolute URL with the current scheme.
-     * - string: absolute URL with string value used as scheme.
+     * // /index?r=site/index&src=ref1#name
+     * echo Url::toRoute(['site/index', 'src' => 'ref1', '#' => 'name']);
      *
-     * @return string                the URL for the route
-     * @throws InvalidParamException if the parameter is invalid.
+     * // http://www.example.com/index.php?r=site/index
+     * echo Url::toRoute('site/index', true);
+     *
+     * // https://www.example.com/index.php?r=site/index
+     * echo Url::toRoute('site/index', 'https');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @param string|array $route use a string to represent a route (e.g. `index`, `site/index`),
+     * or an array to represent a route with query parameters (e.g. `['site/index', 'param1' => 'value1']`).
+     * @param boolean|string $scheme the URI scheme to use in the generated URL:
+     *
+     * - `false` (default): generating a relative URL.
+     * - `true`: generating an absolute URL whose scheme is the same as the current request.
+     * - string: generating an absolute URL with the specified scheme (either `http` or `https`).
+     *
+     * @return string the generated URL
+     * @throws InvalidParamException a relative route is given while there is no active controller
      */
     public static function toRoute($route, $scheme = false)
     {
-        $route = (array) $route;
-        if (Yii::$app->controller instanceof Controller) {
-            $route[0] = static::getNormalizedRoute($route[0]);
-        }
+        $route = (array)$route;
+        $route[0] = static::normalizeRoute($route[0]);
+
         if ($scheme) {
-            if ($scheme === true) {
-                $scheme = null;
-            }
-            $url = Yii::$app->getUrlManager()->createAbsoluteUrl($route, $scheme);
+            return Yii::$app->getUrlManager()->createAbsoluteUrl($route, is_string($scheme) ? $scheme : null);
         } else {
-            $url = Yii::$app->getUrlManager()->createUrl($route);
+            return Yii::$app->getUrlManager()->createUrl($route);
         }
-
-        return $url;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -78,88 +106,142 @@ class BaseUrl
      *
      * @param  string $route the route. This can be either an absolute route or a relative route.
      * @return string normalized route suitable for UrlManager
+     * @throws InvalidParamException a relative route is given while there is no active controller
      */
-    private static function getNormalizedRoute($route)
+    private static function normalizeRoute($route)
     {
+        $route = (string) $route;
+        if (strncmp($route, '/', 1) === 0) {
+            // absolute route
+            return ltrim($route, '/');
+        }
+
+        // relative route
+        if (Yii::$app->controller === null) {
+            throw new InvalidParamException("Unable to resolve the relative route: $route. No active controller is available.");
+        }
+
         if (strpos($route, '/') === false) {
             // empty or an action ID
-            $route = $route === '' ? Yii::$app->controller->getRoute() : Yii::$app->controller->getUniqueId() . '/' . $route;
-        } elseif ($route[0] !== '/') {
+            return $route === '' ? Yii::$app->controller->getRoute() : Yii::$app->controller->getUniqueId() . '/' . $route;
+        } else {
             // relative to module
-            $route = ltrim(Yii::$app->controller->module->getUniqueId() . '/' . $route, '/');
+            return ltrim(Yii::$app->controller->module->getUniqueId() . '/' . $route, '/');
         }
-
-        return $route;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Creates a URL specified by the input parameter.
+     * Creates a URL based on the given parameters.
      *
-     * If the input parameter is
+     * This method is very similar to [[toRoute()]]. The only difference is that this method
+     * requires a route to be specified as an array only. If a string is given, it will be treated
+     * as a URL which will be prefixed with the base URL if it does not start with a slash.
+     * In particular, if `$url` is
      *
-     * - an array: the first array element is considered a route, while the rest of the name-value
-     *   pairs are treated as the parameters to be used for URL creation using [[toRoute()]].
-     *   For example: `['post/index', 'page' => 2]`, `['index']`.
-     *   In case there is no controller, [[\yii\web\UrlManager::createUrl()]] will be used.
+     * - an array: [[toRoute()]] will be called to generate the URL. For example:
+     *   `['site/index']`, `['post/index', 'page' => 2]`. Please refer to [[toRoute()]] for more details
+     *   on how to specify a route.
+     * - a string with a leading `@`: it is treated as an alias and the corresponding aliased string
+     *   will be subject to the following rules.
      * - an empty string: the currently requested URL will be returned;
-     * - a non-empty string: it will first be processed by [[Yii::getAlias()]]. If the result
-     *   is an absolute URL, it will be returned either without any change or, if scheme was specified, with scheme
-     *   replaced; Otherwise, the result will be prefixed with [[\yii\web\Request::baseUrl]] and returned.
-
+     * - a string without a leading slash: it will be prefixed with [[\yii\web\Request::baseUrl]].
+     * - a string with a leading slash: it will be returned as is.
+     *
+     * Note that in case `$scheme` is specified (either a string or true), an absolute URL with host info
+     * will be returned.
+     *
+     * Below are some examples of using this method:
+     *
+     * ```php
+     * // /index?r=site/index
+     * echo Url::to(['site/index']);
+     *
+     * // /index?r=site/index&src=ref1#name
+     * echo Url::to(['site/index', 'src' => 'ref1', '#' => 'name']);
+     *
+     * // the currently requested URL
+     * echo Url::to();
+     *
+     * // /images/logo.gif
+     * echo Url::to('images/logo.gif');
+     *
+     * // http://www.example.com/index.php?r=site/index
+     * echo Url::to(['site/index'], true);
+     *
+     * // https://www.example.com/index.php?r=site/index
+     * echo Url::to(['site/index'], 'https');
+     * ```
+     *
      *
      * @param array|string $url the parameter to be used to generate a valid URL
-     * @param boolean|string $scheme URI scheme to use:
+     * @param boolean|string $scheme the URI scheme to use in the generated URL:
      *
-     * - `false`: relative URL. Default behavior.
-     * - `true`: absolute URL with the current scheme.
-     * - string: absolute URL with string value used as scheme.
+     * - `false` (default): generating a relative URL.
+     * - `true`: generating an absolute URL whose scheme is the same as the current request.
+     * - string: generating an absolute URL with the specified scheme (either `http` or `https`).
      *
-     * @return string                the normalized URL
-     * @throws InvalidParamException if the parameter is invalid.
+     * @return string the generated URL
+     * @throws InvalidParamException a relative route is given while there is no active controller
      */
     public static function to($url = '', $scheme = false)
     {
         if (is_array($url)) {
             return static::toRoute($url, $scheme);
-        } elseif ($url === '') {
-            if ($scheme) {
-                $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getAbsoluteUrl();
-            } else {
-                $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getUrl();
         }
-        } else {
-            $url = Yii::getAlias($url);
-            if (strpos($url, '://') === false) {
-                if ($url === '' || ($url[0] !== '/' && $url[0] !== '#' && strncmp($url, './', 2))) {
+
+        $url = (string) Yii::getAlias($url);
+
+        if ($url === '') {
+            $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getUrl();
+        } elseif ($url[0] !== '/' && $url[0] !== '#' && strpos($url, '://') === false) {
             $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getBaseUrl() . '/' . $url;
         }
+
         if ($scheme) {
-                    $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getHostInfo() . $url;
+            if (strpos($url, '://') === false) {
+                $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getHostInfo() . '/' . ltrim($url, '/');
+            }
+            if (is_string($scheme) && ($pos = strpos($url, '://')) !== false) {
+                $url = $scheme . substr($url, $pos);
             }
         }
+
+        return $url;
     }
-        if ($scheme && $scheme !== true) {
-            $pos = strpos($url, '://');
-            if ($pos !== false) {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the base URL of the current request.
+     * @param boolean|string $scheme the URI scheme to use in the returned base URL:
+     *
+     * - `false` (default): returning the base URL without host info.
+     * - `true`: returning an absolute base URL whose scheme is the same as the current request.
+     * - string: returning an absolute base URL with the specified scheme (either `http` or `https`).
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function base($scheme = false)
+    {
+        $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getBaseUrl();
+        if ($scheme) {
+            $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getHostInfo() . $url;
+            if (is_string($scheme) && ($pos = strpos($url, '://')) !== false) {
                 $url = $scheme . substr($url, $pos);
             }
         }
-
         return $url;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Remembers the specified URL so that it can be later fetched back.
+     * Remembers the specified URL so that it can be later fetched back by [[previous()]].
      *
-     * @param string $url  URL to remember. Default is the currently requested URL.
-     * @param string $name Name to use to remember URL. Defaults to [[\yii\web\User::returnUrlParam]].
+     * @param string|array $url the URL to remember. Please refer to [[to()]] for acceptable formats.
+     * If this parameter is not specified, the currently requested URL will be used.
+     * @param string $name the name associated with the URL to be remembered. This can be used
+     * later by [[previous()]]. If not set, it will use [[\yii\web\User::returnUrlParam]].
      * @see previous()
      */
     public static function remember($url = '', $name = null)
     {
-        if ($url === '') {
-            $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getUrl();
-        }
+        $url = static::to($url);
 
         if ($name === null) {
             Yii::$app->getUser()->setReturnUrl($url);
@@ -171,8 +253,9 @@ class BaseUrl
     /**
      * Returns the URL previously [[remember()|remembered]].
      *
-     * @param  string $name Name used to remember URL. Defaults to [[\yii\web\User::returnUrlParam]].
-     * @return string URL, or null if no such URL was remembered before.
+     * @param  string $name the named associated with the URL that was remembered previously.
+     * If not set, it will use [[\yii\web\User::returnUrlParam]].
+     * @return string the URL previously remembered. Null is returned if no URL was remembered with the given name.
      * @see remember()
      */
     public static function previous($name = null)
@@ -186,7 +269,7 @@ class BaseUrl
 
     /**
      * Returns the canonical URL of the currently requested page.
-     * The canonical URL is constructed using current controller's [[yii\web\Controller::route]] and
+     * The canonical URL is constructed using the current controller's [[yii\web\Controller::route]] and
      * [[yii\web\Controller::actionParams]]. You may use the following code in the layout view to add a link tag
      * about canonical URL:
      *
@@ -207,24 +290,23 @@ class BaseUrl
     /**
      * Returns the home URL.
      *
-     * @param boolean|string $scheme URI scheme to use:
+     * @param boolean|string $scheme the URI scheme to use for the returned URL:
      *
-     * - `false`: relative URL. Default behavior.
-     * - `true`: absolute URL with the current scheme.
-     * - string: absolute URL with string value used as scheme.
+     * - `false` (default): returning a relative URL.
+     * - `true`: returning an absolute URL whose scheme is the same as the current request.
+     * - string: returning an absolute URL with the specified scheme (either `http` or `https`).
      *
      * @return string home URL
      */
     public static function home($scheme = false)
     {
+        $url = Yii::$app->getHomeUrl();
+
         if ($scheme) {
-            $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getHostInfo() . Yii::$app->getHomeUrl();
-            if ($scheme !== true) {
-                $pos = strpos($url, '://');
+            $url = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getHostInfo() . $url;
+            if (is_string($scheme) && ($pos = strpos($url, '://')) !== false) {
                 $url = $scheme . substr($url, $pos);
             }
-        } else {
-            $url = Yii::$app->getHomeUrl();
         }
 
         return $url;

framework/web/UrlManager.php

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class UrlManager extends Component
 
             Yii::trace('No matching URL rules. Using default URL parsing logic.', __METHOD__);
 
-            $suffix = (string) $this->suffix;
+            $suffix = (string)$this->suffix;
             if ($suffix !== '' && $pathInfo !== '') {
                 $n = strlen($this->suffix);
                 if (substr($pathInfo, -$n) === $this->suffix) {
@@ -228,19 +228,42 @@ class UrlManager extends Component
                 $route = '';
             }
 
-            return [(string) $route, []];
+            return [(string)$route, []];
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Creates a URL using the given route and parameters.
+     * Creates a URL using the given route and query parameters.
+     *
+     * You may specify the route as a string, e.g., `site/index`. You may also use an array
+     * if you want to specify additional query parameters for the URL being created. The
+     * array format must be:
+     *
+     * ```php
+     * // generates: /index.php?r=site/index&param1=value1&param2=value2
+     * ['site/index', 'param1' => 'value1', 'param2' => 'value2']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * If you want to create a URL with an anchor, you can use the array format with a `#` parameter.
+     * For example,
+     *
+     * ```php
+     * // generates: /index.php?r=site/index&param1=value1#name
+     * ['site/index', 'param1' => 'value1', '#' => 'name']
+     * ```
+     *
      * The URL created is a relative one. Use [[createAbsoluteUrl()]] to create an absolute URL.
-     * @param  string|array $params route as a string or route and parameters in form of ['route', 'param1' => 'value1', 'param2' => 'value2']
+     *
+     * Note that unlike [[\yii\helpers\Url::toRoute()]], this method always treats the given route
+     * as an absolute route.
+     *
+     * @param string|array $params use a string to represent a route (e.g. `site/index`),
+     * or an array to represent a route with query parameters (e.g. `['site/index', 'param1' => 'value1']`).
      * @return string the created URL
      */
     public function createUrl($params)
     {
-        $params = (array) $params;
+        $params = (array)$params;
         $anchor = isset($params['#']) ? '#' . $params['#'] : '';
         unset($params['#'], $params[$this->routeParam]);
 
@@ -283,23 +306,29 @@ class UrlManager extends Component
     }
 
     /**
-     * Creates an absolute URL using the given route and parameters.
+     * Creates an absolute URL using the given route and query parameters.
+     *
      * This method prepends the URL created by [[createUrl()]] with the [[hostInfo]].
-     * @param  string|array $params route as a string or route and parameters in form of ['route', 'param1' => 'value1', 'param2' => 'value2']
-     * @param  string       $schema the schema to use for the url. e.g. 'http' or 'https'. If not specified
-     *                              the schema of the current request will be used.
+     *
+     * Note that unlike [[\yii\helpers\Url::toRoute()]], this method always treats the given route
+     * as an absolute route.
+     *
+     * @param string|array $params use a string to represent a route (e.g. `site/index`),
+     * or an array to represent a route with query parameters (e.g. `['site/index', 'param1' => 'value1']`).
+     * @param string $scheme the scheme to use for the url (either `http` or `https`). If not specified
+     * the scheme of the current request will be used.
      * @return string the created URL
      * @see createUrl()
      */
-    public function createAbsoluteUrl($params, $schema = null)
+    public function createAbsoluteUrl($params, $scheme = null)
     {
-        $params = (array) $params;
+        $params = (array)$params;
         $url = $this->createUrl($params);
         if (strpos($url, '://') === false) {
             $url = $this->getHostInfo() . $url;
         }
-        if ($schema && ($pos = strpos($url, '://')) !== false) {
-            $url = $schema . substr($url, $pos);
+        if (is_string($scheme) && ($pos = strpos($url, '://')) !== false) {
+            $url = $scheme . substr($url, $pos);
         }
 
         return $url;

tests/unit/framework/helpers/UrlTest.php

@@ -75,13 +75,11 @@ class UrlTest extends TestCase
         $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/index.php?r=stats/user/view&id=42', Url::toRoute(['user/view', 'id' => 42], true));
         $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php?r=stats/user/view&id=42', Url::toRoute(['user/view', 'id' => 42], 'https'));
 
-        // In case there is no controller, [[\yii\web\UrlManager::createUrl()]] will be used.
+        // In case there is no controller, an exception should be thrown for relative route
         $this->removeMockedAction();
 
-        $this->assertEquals('/base/index.php?r=site/view', Url::toRoute('site/view'));
-        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/index.php?r=site/view', Url::toRoute('site/view', true));
-        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php?r=site/view', Url::toRoute('site/view', 'https'));
-        $this->assertEquals('/base/index.php?r=site/view&id=37', Url::toRoute(['site/view', 'id' => 37]));
+        $this->setExpectedException('yii\base\InvalidParamException');
+        Url::toRoute('site/view');
     }
 
     public function testTo()
@@ -101,27 +99,11 @@ class UrlTest extends TestCase
         $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php?r=page/edit', Url::to(['edit'], 'https'));
         $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php?r=page/view', Url::to([''], 'https'));
 
-        //In case there is no controller, [[\yii\web\UrlManager::createUrl()]] will be used.
-        $this->removeMockedAction();
-
-        $this->assertEquals('/base/index.php?r=edit&id=20', Url::to(['edit', 'id' => 20]));
-        $this->assertEquals('/base/index.php?r=edit', Url::to(['edit']));
-        $this->assertEquals('/base/index.php?r=', Url::to(['']));
-
-        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/index.php?r=edit&id=20', Url::to(['edit', 'id' => 20], true));
-        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/index.php?r=edit', Url::to(['edit'], true));
-        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/index.php?r=', Url::to([''], true));
-
-        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php?r=edit&id=20', Url::to(['edit', 'id' => 20], 'https'));
-        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php?r=edit', Url::to(['edit'], 'https'));
-        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php?r=', Url::to([''], 'https'));
-
         // is an empty string: the currently requested URL will be returned;
         $this->mockAction('page', 'view', null, ['id' => 10]);
         $this->assertEquals('/base/index.php&r=site/current&id=42', Url::to(''));
         $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/index.php&r=site/current&id=42', Url::to('', true));
         $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php&r=site/current&id=42', Url::to('', 'https'));
-        $this->removeMockedAction();
 
         // is a non-empty string: it will first be processed by [[Yii::getAlias()]]. If the result
         // is an absolute URL, it will be returned either without any change or, if schema was specified, with schema
@@ -140,17 +122,31 @@ class UrlTest extends TestCase
         $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/test/me2', Url::to('@web2', true));
         $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/test/me2', Url::to('@web2', 'https'));
 
-        $this->assertEquals('/base/', Url::to('@web3'));
-        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/', Url::to('@web3', true));
-        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/', Url::to('@web3', 'https'));
+        $this->assertEquals('/base/index.php&r=site/current&id=42', Url::to('@web3'));
+        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base/index.php&r=site/current&id=42', Url::to('@web3', true));
+        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base/index.php&r=site/current&id=42', Url::to('@web3', 'https'));
 
         $this->assertEquals('/test', Url::to('@web4'));
         $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/test', Url::to('@web4', true));
         $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/test', Url::to('@web4', 'https'));
 
         $this->assertEquals('#test', Url::to('@web5'));
-        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com#test', Url::to('@web5', true));
-        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com#test', Url::to('@web5', 'https'));
+        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/#test', Url::to('@web5', true));
+        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/#test', Url::to('@web5', 'https'));
+
+        //In case there is no controller, throw an exception
+        $this->removeMockedAction();
+
+        $this->setExpectedException('yii\base\InvalidParamException');
+        Url::to(['site/view']);
+    }
+
+    public function testBase()
+    {
+        $this->mockAction('page', 'view', null, ['id' => 10]);
+        $this->assertEquals('/base', Url::base());
+        $this->assertEquals('http://example.com/base', Url::base(true));
+        $this->assertEquals('https://example.com/base', Url::base('https'));
     }
 
     public function testHome()