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docs/guide-zh-CN/structure-application-components.md
Application Components 应用对象
====================== ======================
Applications are [service locators](concept-service-locators.md). They host a set of the so-called 应用是[服务定位器](concept-service-locators.md)。它们维护一个集合被称为**应用组件**为处理请求提供不同的服务。例如，`urlManager` 组件负责转发 Web 请求至相应的控制器；`db` 组件提供数据库相关服务，等等。
*application components* that provide different services for processing requests. For example,
the `urlManager` component is responsible for routing Web requests to appropriate controllers;
the `db` component provides DB-related services; and so on.
Each application component has an ID that uniquely identifies itself among other application components 同一个应用中的每个组件都有一个唯一 ID 用来与其它组件作区分。你可以通过表达式访问一个应用组件：
in the same application. You can access an application component through the expression
```php ```php
\Yii::$app->componentID \Yii::$app->componentID
``` ```
For example, you can use `\Yii::$app->db` to get the [[yii\db\Connection|DB connection]], 例如，你可以使用 `\Yii::$app->db` 去获取 [[yii\db\Connection|数据库连接（DB connection），使用`\Yii::$app->cache` 去获取应用注册的[[yii\caching\Cache|主缓存]]。
and `\Yii::$app->cache` to get the [[yii\caching\Cache|primary cache]] registered with the application.
An application component is created the first time it is accessed through the above expression. Any 一个应用组件在使用上述表达式第一次访问的时候创建。其后任何访问都将返回同样的组件实例。
further accesses will return the same component instance.
Application components can be any objects. You can register them by configuring 应用组件可以是任何对象。你可以通过[应用配置](structure-applications.md#application-configurations)的 [yii\base\Application::components]] 属性注册它们。例如：
the [[yii\base\Application::components]] property in [application configurations](structure-applications.md#application-configurations).
For example,
```php ```php
[ [
'components' => [ 'components' => [
// register "cache" component using a class name // 使用一个类名去注册“缓存”组件
'cache' => 'yii\caching\ApcCache', 'cache' => 'yii\caching\ApcCache',
// register "db" component using a configuration array // 使用配置数组注册“db”组件
'db' => [ 'db' => [
'class' => 'yii\db\Connection', 'class' => 'yii\db\Connection',
'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=demo', 'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=demo',
...@@ -37,7 +29,7 @@ For example, ...@@ -37,7 +29,7 @@ For example,
'password' => '', 'password' => '',
], ],
// register "search" component using an anonymous function // 使用匿名函数注册搜索组件
'search' => function () { 'search' => function () {
return new app\components\SolrService; return new app\components\SolrService;
}, },
...@@ -45,75 +37,46 @@ For example, ...@@ -45,75 +37,46 @@ For example,
] ]
``` ```
> Info: While you can register as many application components as you want, you should do this judiciously. > 补充：尽管你可以随心所欲注册任何数量的组件，但应该明智去做。应用组件就像全局变量。使用太多应用组件可能潜在的会让代码难以测试和维护。许多情况下，你可以简单创建一个本地组件并在需要时使用。
Application components are like global variables. Using too many application components can potentially
make your code harder to test and maintain. In many cases, you can simply create a local component
and use it when needed.
## Bootstrapping Components <a name="bootstrapping-components"></a> ## 引导组件 <a name="bootstrapping-components"></a>
As mentioned above, an application component will only be instantiated when it is being accessed the first time. 如上所述，应用组件只在第一次被访问时实例化。如果在请求期间没有访问组件，它将根本不会实例化。有时候，无论怎样你可能都想为每个请求实例化组件，即便它没有被访问。你可以在应用的 [[yii\base\Application::bootstrap|引导（bootstrap）]] 属性罗列组件 ID 来做到这点。
If it is not accessed at all during a request, it will not be instantiated. Sometimes, however, you may want
to instantiate an application component for every request, even if it is not explicitly accessed.
To do so, you may list its ID in the [[yii\base\Application::bootstrap|bootstrap]] property of the application.
For example, the following application configuration makes sure the `log` component is always loaded: 例如，下述应用配置代码确保了 `log` 组件在任何情况下都载入：
```php ```php
[ [
'bootstrap' => [ 'bootstrap' => [
// 将 log 组件 ID 加入引导让它始终载入
'log', 'log',
], ],
'components' => [ 'components' => [
'log' => [ 'log' => [
// configuration for "log" component // 配置 log 组件
], ],
], ],
] ]
``` ```
## Core Application Components <a name="core-application-components"></a> ## 核心应用组件 <a name="core-application-components"></a>
Yii defines a set of *core* application components with fixed IDs and default configurations. For example, Yii 定义了一系列拥有固定 ID 和默认配置的**核心**应用组件。例如：[[yii\web\Application::request|请求（request）]]组件被用来收集用户请求数据并解析请求至[路由](runtime-routing.md)；[[yii\base\Application::db|数据库（db）]]组件代表一个数据库连接，你可以通过它执行数据库查询。Yii 有赖于这些核心组件的支持去处理用户请求。
the [[yii\web\Application::request|request]] component is used to collect information about
a user request and resolve it into a [route](runtime-routing.md); the [[yii\base\Application::db|db]] 下面是预定义的核心组件列表。你可以像配置普通应用组件一样配置和自定义它们。当你配置一个核心组件时，如果没有指定类名，默认类名将被使用。
component represents a database connection through which you can perform database queries.
It is with help of these core application components that Yii applications are able to handle user requests. * [[yii\web\AssetManager|资源管理器（assetManager）]]：管理静态资源包和静态资源发布。请参考[资源管理](output-assets.md)章节了解详细内容。
* [[yii\db\Connection|数据库（db）]]：代表一个数据库连接，你可以通过它执行数据库查询。请注意，当你配置这个组件时，必须和本组件的其它属性一样去配置组建类，诸如 [[yii\db\Connection::dsn]]。请参考[数据访问对象](db-dao.md)章节了解详细内容。
Below is the list of the predefined core application components. You may configure and customize them * [[yii\base\Application::errorHandler|错误处理器（errorHandler）]]：处理 PHP 错误和异常。请参考[错误处理](tutorial-handling-errors.md)章节了解详细内容。
like you do with normal application components. When you are configuring a core application component, * [[yii\base\Formatter|格式化器（formatter）]]：格式化向最终用户显示的数据。例如，数字可能会想显示千位分隔符，日期可能会想要长格式。请参考[数据格式化](output-formatting.md)章节了解详细内容。
if you do not specify its class, the default one will be used. * [[yii\i18n\I18N|国际化（i18n）]]：支持信息翻译转换和格式化。请参考[国际化](tutorial-i18n.md)章节了解详细内容。
* [[yii\log\Dispatcher|日志（log）]]：管理日志目标。请参考[日志](tutorial-logging.md)章节了解详细内容。
* [[yii\web\AssetManager|assetManager]]: manages asset bundles and asset publishing. * [[yii\swiftmailer\Mailer|邮件（mail）]]：支持邮件接收和发送。请参考[邮件](tutorial-mailing.md)章节了解详细内容。
Please refer to the [Managing Assets](output-assets.md) section for more details. * [[yii\base\Application::response|响应（response）]]：代表将要发送给最终用户的响应内容。请参考[响应](runtime-responses.md)章节了解详细内容。
* [[yii\db\Connection|db]]: represents a database connection through which you can perform DB queries. * [[yii\base\Application::request|请求（request）]]：代表从最终用户那收到的请求。请参考[请求](runtime-requests.md)章节了解详细内容。
Note that when you configure this component, you must specify the component class as well as other required * [[yii\web\Session|会话（session）]]：代表会话信息。这个组件只在 [[yii\web\Application|Web 应用]]中可用。请参考[会话和 Cookies](runtime-sessions-and-cookies.md) 章节了解详细内容。
component properties, such as [[yii\db\Connection::dsn]]. * [[yii\web\UrlManager|URL 管理（urlManager）]]：支持 URL 的解析和创建。请参考 [URL 解析和生成](runtime-url-handling.md)章节了解详细内容。
Please refer to the [Data Access Objects](db-dao.md) section for more details. * [[yii\web\User|用户（user）]]：代表用户认证信息。这个组件只在 [[yii\web\Application|Web 应用]]中可用。请参考[认证](security-authentication.md)章节了解详细内容。
* [[yii\base\Application::errorHandler|errorHandler]]: handles PHP errors and exceptions. * [[yii\web\View|视图（view）]]：支持视图渲染。请参考[视图](structure-views.md)章节了解详细内容。
Please refer to the [Handling Errors](tutorial-handling-errors.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\base\Formatter|formatter]]: formats data when they are displayed to end users. For example, a number
may be displayed with thousand separator, a date may be formatted in long format.
Please refer to the [Data Formatting](output-formatting.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\i18n\I18N|i18n]]: supports message translation and formatting.
Please refer to the [Internationalization](tutorial-i18n.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\log\Dispatcher|log]]: manages log targets.
Please refer to the [Logging](tutorial-logging.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\swiftmailer\Mailer|mail]]: supports mail composing and sending.
Please refer to the [Mailing](tutorial-mailing.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\base\Application::response|response]]: represents the response being sent to end users.
Please refer to the [Responses](runtime-responses.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\base\Application::request|request]]: represents the request received from end users.
Please refer to the [Requests](runtime-requests.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\web\Session|session]]: represents the session information. This component is only available
in [[yii\web\Application|Web applications]].
Please refer to the [Sessions and Cookies](runtime-sessions-cookies.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\web\UrlManager|urlManager]]: supports URL parsing and creation.
Please refer to the [URL Parsing and Generation](runtime-url-handling.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\web\User|user]]: represents the user authentication information. This component is only available
in [[yii\web\Application|Web applications]]
Please refer to the [Authentication](security-authentication.md) section for more details.
* [[yii\web\View|view]]: supports view rendering.
Please refer to the [Views](structure-views.md) section for more details.
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